Arabica and robusta are the main coffee species grown for widespread consumption. Different species of coffee are quite distinct from one another and offer a range of unique characteristics.
We break down the key differences between arabica and robusta coffee to give you a better idea about what goes into your favourite brew.
What is Arabica Coffee?
Originating from Ethiopia and derived from the Coffea Arabica plant, arabica is the most popular type of coffee. It accounts for around 60% of the world’s coffee production, meaning most UK coffee chains and shops likely serve arabica.
Arabica coffee is generally thought to offer the best taste with more complexity, which is reflected in its popularity.
What is Robusta Coffee?
The majority of the rest of the world’s coffee comes from the Coffea canephora plant, originating from central and west Africa, which is where robusta coffee beans are derived.
Robusta coffee tends to be described as having a stronger, more bitter flavour.
Differences Between Arabica & Robusta Coffee
There are several key differences that set these two coffee types apart.
Taste
Arabica coffee offers a slightly sweet, more complex and well-rounded flavour that’s more likely to include bright, fruity and floral notes. These various nuances make it a favourite among coffee aficionados.
Robusta coffee offers a somewhat stronger, richer flavour with nutty, woody or bitter chocolatey hints.
Caffeine Content
As an important part of many people’s coffee-drinking experience, caffeine content is another key consideration when outlining the differences between various coffee options.
Robusta coffee beans naturally have around twice as much caffeine as arabica. As well as producing more caffeinated drinks, the higher caffeine content also makes these plants more resistant to pests and diseases.
- Arabica: 1.5% caffeine content
- Robusta: 2.7% caffeine content
Growing Conditions
Robusta beans get their name from their robust, hardy nature. The plant is happy to grow at lower altitudes in more challenging climates, making it a more versatile crop. It is easier to grow and cultivate and often produces higher yields.
On the other hand, arabica beans require more specific conditions to thrive. The plant grows better at higher elevations (altitude between 3,000-6,000 feet) in tropical climates close to the equator.
Robusta coffee is grown in many countries around the world, including Vietnam, Indonesia, India, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Brazil.
Arabica is grown in regions along the equator such as Ethiopia and various central and South American countries like Brazil, Columbia, Guatemala and Costa Rica.
Appearance
The visual appearance of the two types of beans can vary too. Arabica beans are oval and tend to have an oily texture along with a slightly curved split down the middle. Robusta beans tend to be smaller and rounder with a straight split.
Uses
Because of its strong, punchy taste, robusta is often used for instant coffee, as the strength of flavour can better survive the production process. Robusta may also be used in espresso blends.
Arabica is the go-to choice for higher quality blends, thanks to its range of complex flavours that can be melded and balanced.
In the past, some consumers have looked for the label ‘100% arabica’ as a marker of quality, but this simply states that there is no robusta added, which is neither an inherently good or bad thing. When determining quality, it is better to look for speciality coffee that is produced with superiority in mind.
Cost
Due to the less specialist growing conditions and propensity for higher yields, robusta is generally cheaper to produce while arabica coffee has a reputation for being more ‘premium’ which can come with a higher price tag.
Is Robusta or Arabica Better?
Arabica generally has a better reputation but it really comes down to the kind of flavour profile you prefer.
Lovers of a cup of coffee with complexity and layers may prefer arabica, and it is typically the universal favourite used in coffee houses, stores and premium products, so more people may be more familiar with it.
Those that favour something stronger, richer and with more body may gravitate towards robusta.
Or, there are countless blends that make use of the qualities of both coffee types!
What About Liberica Coffee Beans
Liberica is a third, much less common coffee bean that is native to Liberia and other parts of western/central Africa, although it is now mostly grown in Southeast Asia. It only supplies around 2% of the world’s coffee and is most popular in the Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia.
It is known for having a slightly controversial flavour profile with a strong nutty or smokey taste.
Here at Esquires, our customers love the taste of our organic, Fairtrade coffee that offers something special with every sip. Why not visit your local Esquires store to find out how serious we are about great coffee?
